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EVALUATION OF COUGH SYRUP (DIPHENHYDRAMIN) USE IN SOKOTO

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 Format: MS WORD ::   Chapters: 1-5 ::   Pages: 54 ::   Attributes: Questionnaire, Data Analysis,abstract, table of content, references ::   3,662 people found this useful
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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Pharmaceuticals are used for the purpose of prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of diseases. In current years, manufacturers of pharmaceuticals have improved the quality of non-sterile pharmaceuticals such that today such products contain only minimal bioburden (Denyer et al., 2004).  Non-sterile pharmaceutical products are not required to be sterile, but are subject to certain restrictions on the number and types of acceptable microorganisms to make sure their efficaciousness and safety (Jimenez, 2004).

Syrups are non-sterile liquid dosage form that contain active medicaments and constitute the most convenient dosage form for babies, children and the elderly. Syrups are generally prepared for oral administration in children since tablets and capsules cannot be easily or suitably administered to them. The administration of contaminated syrups to these people poses a real danger, even at low levels of contamination, because their immune system is poorly developed (Mendie et al., 1993; Muhammed and Umoh, 2009).  Contamination of oral liquid pharmaceuticals with microorganisms not only makes them hazardous from the infectious standpoint, but may also change the physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of the drugs, alter the contents of active ingredients, or convert them to toxic products that lead to reduction in their shelf life and efficacy (Shaikh et al., 1988; Moniruzzaman et al., 2012).

        So, drugs may be considered microbiologically spoiled in this situation, depending on its intended use. The presence of even a low level of acutely pathogenic microorganisms, higher levels of opportunist pathogens, or toxic microbial metabolites that persist even after death of the original contaminants may render the product ineffective. Physicochemical deterioration as a result of microbial growth is a acceptable reason to consider the product harmful for patients (Denyer and Baird, 1990). Numerous reports have also been published describing clinical risks that are attributable to microbiologically contaminated pharmaceuticals (Mugoyela and Mwambete, 2010).

The microbiological quality of a pharmaceutical product may represent contamination from raw materials, industrial equipments, environment, workers and containers (Muhammed and Umoh, 2009). Within Nigeria, cough syrups are among the most available syrups in the market which suggest strong likelihood of variation in the level of microbiological purity among these brands.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Cough syrup, over the years has being of immense benefit to the health situation of children in Nigeria. Despite their usefulness of cough syrup, there are some clogs on the wheels of healthy living. Take Sokoto state for example, the low income earner are far more than the high income earners and could not afford the money for most of the quality cough syrups. Secondly there have been series of studies on cough syrup but not even a single study has been carried out on the use of cough syrup in Sokoto state.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main aim of the research work is to carry out an evaluation of cough syrup use in Sokoto State. Other specific objectives of the study are:

  1. to determine the effectiveness of cough syrup in the treatment of cough in sokoto state
  2. to examine whether cough syrup is available for both high and the low class people in Sokoto metropolis
  3. to determine the causes of cough and the treatment measures in sokoto state
  4. to proffer solution to the above problem

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study came up with research questions so as to ascertain the above stated objectives of the study. The research questions for the study are:

  1. How effective is the use of cough syrup in the treatment of cough in sokoto state?
  2. Is cough syrup is available for both high and the low class people in Sokoto metropolis?
  3. What are the causes of cough and the treatment measures in sokoto state?

1.5 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0: the use of cough syrup in the treatment of cough in sokoto state is ineffective

H1: the use of cough syrup in the treatment of cough in sokoto state is effective

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study on the use of cough syrup will be of immense benefit to the entire communities in Sokoto state and the government (local, state and federal) in such a way that it will reveal the prevalence of cough in sokoto state, the causes of cough, the types of cough and the treatment of cough. The study will also serve as a repository of information for other researchers that desire to carry out similar research on the above topic. Finally the study will contribute to the body of existing literature and knowledge in this field of study and provide a basis for further research

1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study on the use of cough syrup will be limited to 200 respondents in Sokoto state that have good knowledge background on the above topic. The study will also cover on the prevalence of cough in sokoto state, the causes of cough, the types of cough and the treatment of cough

1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Cough syrup: Cough medicines are medications used in those with coughing and related conditions

 


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Paper Information

Format:ms word
Chapter:1-5
Pages:54
Attribute:Questionnaire, Data Analysis,abstract, table of content, references
Price:₦3,000
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