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PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE IN CHIMAMANDA’S PURPLE HIBISCUS AND ADIMORA EZEIGBO’S “TRAFFICKED”

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 Format: MS WORD ::   Chapters: 1-5 ::   Pages: 90 ::   Attributes: Questionnaire, Data Analysis,abstract, table of content, references ::   4,560 people found this useful

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CHAPTER ONE

  1. INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Recognizing that children who experience one type of violence are likely to experience other types of violence as well, scholars have noted an important gap in the literature on the long-term psychological consequences of childhood abuse (e.g., Higgins & McCabe, 2000; Kessler, Davis, & Kendler, 1997): many studies have focused on single types of violence without accounting for individuals potentially having experienced other types of violence as well.

Recent empirical work increasingly has addressed this gap, in part, by examining associations between the number of types of maltreatment that individuals report having experienced in childhood and adult mental health (e.g., Arata, Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Bowers, & O’Farrill-Swails, 2005; Clemmons, DiLillo, Martinez, DeGue, & Jeffcott, 2003; Clemmons, Walsh, DiLillo, & MessmanMoore, 2007; Higgins & McCabe, 2000). This approach, however, does not allow for examining whether specific types of violence—experienced alone or in combination with other particular types of violence—are differentially associated with poorer adult mental health.

Also, although some studies have considered the independent and cumulative effects of physical and sexual abuse specifically (e.g., Arnow, Hart, Hayward, Dea, & Taylor, 2000; Diaz, Simontov, & Rickert, 2002; SachsEricsson, Verona, Joiner, & Preacher, 2006), few studies have examined psychological violence as a potentially distinct or co-occurring type of violence (for exceptions, see Chapman et al., 2004; Kessler et al., 1997; Schneider et al., 2007).

Furthermore, much of the previous work that has considered linkages between multiple types of violence in childhood and adult mental health has used data from college students (e.g., Clemmons et al., 2007) or samples of women only (e.g., Mullen, Martin, Anderson, Romans, & Herbison, 1996; Schneider, Baumrind, & Kimderling, 2007). Expanded population work in this area is necessary to examine the mental health consequences of various, yet specific, types of childhood family violence within a broader population of adults.

Scholars have posited that long-lasting experiences of violence can more profoundly damage a child’s healthy development by creating cumulative problems at various developmental stages (Manly, Cicchetti, & Barnett, 1994). Also, infrequent episodes of violence are more likely to result from transient family challenges, whereas chronic violence is more likely to result from and contribute to more enduring problematic patterns in family functioning that can undermine optimal child development (Cicchetti & Rizley, 1981).

Despite this theorizing on frequency as an important dimension for specifying experiences of violence in childhood, population-based studies on the long-term mental health effects of childhood family violence largely have categorized respondents into dichotomous groups indicating whether or not respondents report histories of childhood family violence, thereby not accounting for potential gradations in the frequency at which childhood violence reportedly occurred.

For example, some scholars have coded respondents as having active histories of childhood family violence only if they reported violence having occurred at relatively high levels of frequency (e.g., Edwards, Holden, Felitti, & Anda, 2003; Irving & Ferraro, 2006), thereby not addressing whether linkages of risk are also present at lower levels of frequency as well. This gap in previous research suggests the importance for population-based studies on the long-term mental health effects of children’s experiences of violence to account for differential frequency levels of various types of violence that respondents reportedly experienced in childhood.

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

        r discourse is an important area of literary criticism with wide spread implications for gender equality and human development across sectors. Increasing attention is being accorded the negotiation of gender relations in contemporary African literature. The gender of a person affects power-sharing and decision-making and this is manifested in men‘s control in families and public offices. This is often particular to the female folk were they are seen as inferior in the society and they are subject to maltreatment in terms of psychological violence and human trafficking which is not suppose to be so. Finally, several research has been carried out on the effect of violence and human trafficking on girl-child but not even a single research has been carried out on the psychological violence in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo “trafficked”.

1.3   AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

        The main aim of the study is to examine psychological violence in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo’s “trafficked”. Other specific objectives of the study include;

  1. to determine the factors affecting psychological violence as seen in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked.
  2. to determine the influence of psychological violence in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked.
  3. to determine the extent to which psychological violence in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked affects the today’s society.
  4. to determine the frequency level at which psychological violence occurs as in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked.
  5. to proffer possible solutions to the problems.

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTIONS               

  1. What are the factors affecting psychological violence as seen in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked?
  2. What is the influence of psychological violence in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked?
  3. What is the extent to which psychological violence in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked affects today’s society?
  4. What is the frequency level at which psychological violence occurs as in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo trafficked?
  5.  What are the possible solutions to the problems?

1.5   SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

        The study on psychological violence in Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo “trafficked” will be of immense benefit in the sense that it will educate the government to protect the interest of the female folk as violence is detrimental to their health, it will also enable them to check the rate/frequencies of psychological violence in the society and give penalty to them that are due for it. The study will also educate the female gender on standing on their right and taking their place in the society without any feelings of inferiority complex amongst them. Finally, the study will contribute to the body of existing literature and knowledge to this field of study and basis for further research.

1.6   SCOPE OF STUDY

        The study on psychological violence is limited to Chimamanda’s purple hibiscus and Adimora Ezeigbo’s trafficked.

1.7   LIMITATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.9   DEFINITION OF TERMS

Psychological          Of, affecting, or arising in the mind; related to the mental and emotional state of a person.

Violence         Behaviour involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.

 

 


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Paper Information

Format:ms word
Chapter:1-5
Pages:90
Attribute:Questionnaire, Data Analysis,abstract, table of content, references
Price:₦3,000
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